Mu gihe imwe mu Miryango Mpuzamahanga igerageza kugabanya uburemere n’ubukana bw’ingaruka umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR ugira mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, amakuru ava mu nzego zitandukanye agaragaza ko uyu mutwe utigeze ureka gukura, kwisuganya no kwiyongera kw’abarwanyi bawo.

Uyu mutwe washinzwe n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, uterwa inkunga n’ubuyobozi bw’iyahoze ari Zaire, ndetse na nubu ukaba ukomeje gufashwa mu nzego zose na Guverinoma ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC). Uyu mutwe washinze imizi mu Burasirazuba bw’iki gihugu, aho ari umwe mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro iteje akaga kurusha iyindi kuko wubatse inzego utatandukanya n’iz’igihugu cyigenga ndetse ukaba ubarizwa no mu ngabo za Congo (FARDC).

FDLR ni wo mutwe witwaje intwaro wubatse ubuyobozi buhambaye n’ingengabitekerezo idahinduka mu myaka 30 umaze, ku buryo bigoranye ko wasenywa n’imvugo za Politiki gusa. Mu gihe amahanga abona uyu mutwe nk’udateje ikibazo gikomeye ku Rwanda, ingaruka zawo zarenze imipaka ku buryo ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, urwango n’amacakubiri abawugize bahunganye bikomeje gushegesha Akarere kose, kubera ubuhezanguni n’ivanguramoko n’uruhare rwawo mu bwicanyi.

Nubwo uyu mutwe wafatiwe ibihano n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ndetse na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA), imyaka irenga 30 irashize ukorera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC aho ukora ibyaha ushyigikiwe na Leta ya Kinshasa yakabaye iwurwanya. Abayobozi ba Congo bakunze kuvuga ko FDLR ari abarwanyi bashizeho, bagizwe n’impunzi zishaje, ariko uyu mutwe wo umaze igihe wiyubaka utoza urubyiruko rwavukiye mu mashyamba ndetse n’urushukwa ruvuye mu bindi bice birimo no mu Rwanda.

Kugeza n’uyu munsi biragoye kubona undi mutwe witwaje intwaro ufite gahunda nk’iya FDLR haba mu bya Politiki, ingengabitekerezo ndetse n’ibya gisirikare, ari na yo mpamvu kugeza n’uyu munsi intambara iri hagati ya Guverinoma ya Congo n’Ihuriro AFC/ M23 ry’Abanyekongo barwanya iyo ngengabitekerezo, yabuze gica. Raporo zinyuranye z’impuguke za Loni mu mwaka wa 2024 na 2025 zemeje ko Leta iyobowe na Perezida Felix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, yabonye ubufasha bukomeye mu kwifashisha FDLR n’inyeshyamba za Wazalendo mu guhangana na AFC/M23.

Impuguke mu by’umutekano w’Akarere zishimangira ko icyo gihamya ubwacyo cyakabaye kigaragariza amahanga ko kwaba ari ukwibeshya gutekereza ko FDLR yabaye amateka. Ku isonga rya FDLR, hari Umuyobozi Mukuru Lieutenant-Général Iyamuremye Gaston wamenyekanye ku mazina ya Byiringiro Victor cyangwa Rumuri, akaba yaravukiye mu Karere ka Musanze mu 1948.

Bivugwa ko uyu munsi afite icyicaro cye ahitwa i Hembe muri Gurupoma (Groupement) ya Bashali-Mokoto, Teritwari ya Masisi mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho akomeje kwihisha ingaruka z’ibihano bya Loni na USA yafatiwe.

Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Lt. Gen Iyamuremye yari afite ipeti rya Majoro aho yayoboraga batayo yari ishinzwe ibinyabiziga, radiyo n’ibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare, amatsinda yari akuriye akaba yari akambitse mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe (Camp Kanombe) no mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kigali (Camp Kigali). Kuba ari we Muyobozi Mukuru wa FDLR bishimangira ukuri ko uyu mutwe w’iterabwoba udashobora gutandukana n’ubuyobozi bwakomotse mu migirire y’Abajenosideri.

Munsi ye habarizwa ba Komiseri batandukanye bashinzwe ibikorwa bya Politiki n’ibya gisirikare. Muri bo harimo Moïse Izabayo ukomoka i Gisenyi mu Karere ka Rubavu, akaba na we abarizwa i Hembe aho ari we Komiseri ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga.

Undi muyobozi Mukuru wa FDLR ni Général Major Bunani Daniel wamenyekanye ku izina rya Busogo Ukwishatse, akaba ari we Komiseri ushinzwe Ibikorwa bya Gisirikare. Maj. Gen Bunani we yavukiye i Nyakinama mu Karere ka Musanze, akaba yari afite ipeti rya Lieutenant mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 aho yakoraga nk’Umujandarume i Gisenyi.

Haza kandi Umuvugizi wa FDLR witwa Augustin Maniragaba ariko uzwi ku izina ry’akabyiniriro ka gisirikare rya Cure Ngoma, na we akaba abarizwa i Hembe. Maniragaba akomoka ahitwa Nyamutera mu yahoze ari Superefegitura ya Ruhengeri, yarangije amashuri ye mu yahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda i Butare. Mu 1994 yakoraga akazi k’ubwarimu muri Segiteri ya Mataba muri Komini Ndusu muri Ruhengeri, akaba yarabaye umwe mu baza imbere mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya FDLR.

Ari mu bahamijwe kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, akaba anazwiho by’umwihariko kuba yari ukuboko gukomeye kw’Abacengezi mu myaka ya 1996 kugeza mu 1999, aho yabacumbikiraga iwe rwihishwa mbere yo kwinjira mu nyeshyamba za ALiR zaje guhinduka FDLR. 

Itsinda ridasanzwe rya gisirikare ry’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR

Umutwe wa FDLR ufite ishami rya gisirikare ryiswe FOCA (Indwanyi ziswe Abacunguzi), riyobowe na Général Major Pacifique Ntawunguka wamenyekanye cyane nka General Omega cyangwa Omega Nzeli Israel. Uyu mugabo wavukiye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi mu mwaka wa 1964, bivugwa ko abarizwa mu mashyamba ya Kirama mu Gace ka Karushishe, Gurupoma ya Mutanda, Teritwari ya Rutchuru. 

Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Maj. Gen. Ntawunguka yari afite ipeti rya Lieutenant mu Ngabo zatsinzwe (Ex-FAR) zahungiye mu cyahoze ari Zaïre nyuma yo gusenyuka kw’ingoma y’abajenosideri, zigashinga imitwe yavuyemo FDLR. Muri Mata 1994, Ntawunguka yayoboraga batayo ya 94 muri Segiteri ya Mutara mu Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda, ahahoze ari Komini Muvumba.

Kugeza n’uyu munsi aracyari umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye ba FDLR, akaba n’umwe mu bahezanguni b’imbere nubwo bamwe mu bo mu muryango we bakomeje kubaho neza mu gihugu. Ntawunguka yigeze kubwira abamushishikarizaga gutahuka ngo afatanye n’abandi Banyarwanda mu rugendo rwo kubaka Igihugu ko ‘azakigarukamo ari uko nta Mututsi ugisigayemo.’

Iyo mvugo ntiyari ishingiye gusa ku buhezanguni, ahubwo ni cyo cyerekezo cy’abajenosideri aho bari ku Isi hose bashyigikira umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR.  Maj. Gen. Ntawunguka ni umwe mu barwanyi bakuru bahawe imyitozo ihambaye kandi y’umwuga igenga igisirikare, cyane ko yize amashuri makuru ya Gisirikare mu Misiri, mu Bugereki no mu Bufaransa.

Yanabonye amasomo yo gutwara indege, amateka ye akaba ashimangira ko FDLR batari abarwanyi b’imburamukoro cyangwa bagwirirana ahubwo bayobowe n’abantu bafite amahugurwa ya gisirikare akomeye n’ubumenyi buhambaye y’imiyoborere ya gisivili n’iya gisirikare.

Umwunganizi we Général Major (Maj. Gen.) Uzabakiriho Cyprien na we wamenyewe ku mazina ya Kolomboka Niyo na Tedium Mugisha, bombi bafite amateka ajya gusa. Maj. Gen. Uzabakiriho wavukiye muri Selire ya Bushikiri, Segiteri Murambi mu 1967, ubu ni mu Karere ka Gicumbi, yari afite ipeti rya Lieutenant mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ariko Jenoside yashyizwe mu bikorwa ari mu mahugurwa ya gisirikare mu Ishuri rya Gisirikare ryo mu Bufaransa.

Kimwe na Gen Ntawunguka, ni umwe mu basirikare baherewe amahugurwa mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare ndetse akomereza amasomo ya gisirikare muri Kaminuza itoza Ingabo z’i Bwami mu Bubiligi. Uzabakiriho aracyari umwe mu bayobozi bo ku rwego rwo hejuru muri FDLR. Kuva M23 yongera kugaruka, Maj. Gen. Uzabakiriho yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kugaba ibitero simusiga, akagira uruhare mu nama zibahuza n’abayobozi b’ingabo za FARDC nk’umwe mu bayobozi b’ingenzi mu guhuza ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya FDLR.

Ubutasi, icengezamatwara no kuyoboza igitugu muri FDLR

Umuyobozi ukuriye ubutasi bwa FDLR ni General de Brigade (Brig. Gen.) Uwimbabazi Sebastien unazwi ku izina rya Kimenyi Gilbert Nyembo. Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2023, Brig. Gen. Kimenyi yasohotse ku rutonde rw’abo Amerika yafatiye ibihano kubera uruhare bagira mu gukongeza intambara n’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Brig. Gen. Uwimbabazi yari Lieutenant Colonel (Lt. Col.) muri Jandarumori aho yakoreraga i Rwamagana mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo. 

Uruhare rwa Jandarumori yabayemo umuyobozi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 rwanditswe mu mateka. Hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga mu 1994, ubwo Ingabo za FPR zari zihanganye n’ingabo za Leta (FAR), Jandarumori yabaye igikoresho gikomeye cyane muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu nyubako za Leta cyangwa muri za kiliziya n’ahandi bumvaga ko bashoboraga gukirira kuko abenshi babaga bashutswe n’abayobozi babizeza kubacungira umutekano.

Kuba abari muri Jandarumori y’Igihugu barakomeje kubona imyanya y’icyubahiro muri FDLR bishimangira uburyo abari ku ruhembe rw’imbere muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ari na bo bakomeje kuyigeragereza mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo ndetse banakomeza umugambi wo kugaruka gusoza umugambi wabo bateshejwe mu myaka 32 ishize.

FDLR ifite ishuri rya gisirikare riyobowe na Brig. Gen. Hitimana Bernard wamenyekanye ku yandi mazina ya Mutunzi Frodouard Manzi. Hagati y’umwaka wa 2008 na 2009, uyu ni we wari Umuyobozi ushinzwe abakozi muri FDLR-FOCA, ishami rizwi nka G1. Bivugwa ko uyu munsi uyu mugabo wavukiye i Mukingo mu Ruhengeri mu 1965, akorera muri Teritwari ya Masisi, mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yayoboraga Batayo ya 3 yari izwi ku izina rya Muvumba, yakoreraga mu Mutara.

Undi Muyobozi Mukuru mu buyobozi bw’imbere bwa FDLR ni Brig. Gen. Rishirabake Bernard na we wamenyekanye ku izina rya Shima Dodo Serge, ufite inshingano zo kuba Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa Gisirikare muri FDLR. Inshingano ze zihamya uburyo FDLR atari umutwe w’inyeshyamba gusa kuko ufite inzego z’imbere zubatswe mu buryo bwa Leta aho bufite ubuyobozi buhamye, butanga amahugurwa, ahakorwa ubutasi ndetse bakagira n’ababahagarariye mu bya Politiki, ndetse bakanagira n’urwego rw’ubutabera.

Mu bayobozi bamenyekanye ku bikorwa bibi cyane bya FDLR harimo Lt. Col. Rurakabije Pierre Célestin ugikoresha andi mazina ya Samba Guillaume. Lt. Col. Rurakabije ni we uyoboye itsinda ryihariye ry’Abakomando bazwi nka CRAP, ryaninjijwe mu Ngabo za FARDC, akaba ari ku ntonde enye z’ibihano mpuzamahanga kubera uruhare yagize mu bwicanyi n’urugomo rukorerwa mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. 

Nanone kandi, undi Muyobozi ukomeye ukora ibikorwa by’umwijima bya FDLR ni Col. Kubwayo Gustave wamenyekanye ku izina rya Sircof Modeste, ni na we uyoboye agace k’imirwano kiswe SINAI, gakubiyemo uduce twa Kahumiro, Kazaroho, Katanda na Mayimoto two muri Teritwari ya Rutchuru.

Undi muyobozi w’ingenzi wa FDLR ni Col. Ndatuhoraho Oreste ukoresha andi mazina ya Uwikunda Oreste na Issa Pierre, akaba ayobora agace k’imirwano kiswe CANNAN cyangwa JERICHO, gakorerwamo ibikorwa by’imirwano bya FDLR.

Col. Ndaturaho yavukiye i Rutobwe, ubu ni mu Karere ka Muhanga, akaba yarabaye mwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye mbere yo kwinjira mu nzego z’umutwe wa FDLR. Mu 1994 yafashe amasomo yo gufasha igisirikare yahabwaga Interahamwe, aho yigishijwe gukoresha imbunda zitandukanye mu mugambi wo kuzica Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside yabakorewe mu 1994.

Amakuru atandukanye agaragaza ko FDLR atari umutwe w’abarwanyi woroheje, cyangwa se abari mu nzira yo kuzima ahubwo ni umutwe ukomeye uhuje politiki n’igisirikare ufite ubuyobozi buhamye kandi ufite urwego rw’ubutasi rukora cyane haba muri Congo no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Uyu mutwe ufite ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho uhabwa n’inzego za Guverinoma ya RDC ndetse n’ibyo wigurira kubera ubucuruzi butemewe bw’imitungo kamere ya Congo, ukaba ufite uduce tumenyerewe tw’ibikorwa byawo aho abayobozi bamaze gushinga ingengabitekerezo n’amatwara yimakaza urwango n’amacakubiri.

Abagerageza gutesha agaciro FDLR igereranywa n’umutwe wasigajwe inyuma n’amateka, udashobora kugaba igitero cyangwa se ngo ube wanakora ibintu bifatika barabeshya cyane. Ni uburyo bwo gupfobya imbaraga ufite mu mateka y’urwango n’amacakubiri akomeza kwisubira mu Karere. Kurandura burundu uyu mutwe bizasaba guhuza imyumvire n’ubufatanye mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, kandi gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare gusa ntibyaba bihagije.

FDLR ni umutwe w’iterabwoba uhagarariye umugambi wagutse wa Jenoside itararangira mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ibikorwa byawo bikomeje mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC byibasira Abanyekongo b’Abatutsi bikaba byibutsa ko iyo ngengabitekerezo ari yo yagejeje u Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yahitanye abasaga miliyoni mu minsi 100 gusa.

Iyo ngengabitekerezo ntiyapfanye no guhanguka kw’ingoma y’igitugu yayiteguye ikanayishyira mu bikorwa, ahubwo yagiye yiyuburura, yongera kwisuganya no gukurira mu kindi gihugu aho yakomeje kubona abayobozi bayisigasira kugeza n’uyu munsi. 

Impuguke za Politiki zihamya ko umugambi nyamukuru w’abo bayobozi atari ugusoreza ibyo bikorwa mu mashyamba ya Congo, ahubwo hari umugambi wagutse wo kugaruka mu Rwanda aho bahunze batageze ku gutsemba Abatutsi nk’uko byahoze mu ntego zabo.

Ba uwa mbere mu kumenya amakuru agezweho!!!