U Rwanda rwatangije uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga mu bushakashatsi ku binyabuzima biri muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima uturemangingo ndangasano tw’imibiri y’inyamaswa n’ibindi binyabuzima hagamijwe kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ryiswe Environmental DNA (eDNA).

Ni uburyo bwatangijwe mu buzajya bukoreshwa mu butaka no mu mazi aho ibyo binyabuzima bikunda kuba muri iyo Pariki.

Mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare, abafatanyabikorwa bahuguye inzobere z’u Rwanda ku ikoreshwa rya eDNA mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburyo bushingiye kuri siyansi bugaragaza ibisigazwa by’uturemangingo ndangasano (DNA) ibinyabuzima bisiga mu bidukikije.

Ibyo bisigazwa biva ku duce tw’uruhu, amacandwe, imyanda (amase) cyangwa ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima byapfuye bishobora kugaragaza amoko y’ibinyabuzima ahari, kabone n’iyo yaba adakunze kuboneka cyangwa agahita aboneka mu bushakashatsi busanzwe.

Iri koranabuhanga riri gushyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze muri gahunda ya TUI Wildlife Programme, ku nkunga ya TUI Care Foundation, rishyirwa mu bikorwa na African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) ku bufatanye n’Urwego rw’Igihugu Rushinzwe Iterambere (RDB) hamwe na Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund.

Izo nzego zitangaza ko ubwo buryo bushya bugamije kongerera imbaraga uburyo bwo kumenya no kubara amoko y’ibinyabuzima, gutahura hakiri kare ibimenyetso by’ihungabana ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no gushyiraho amakuru yizewe afasha mu gufata ibyemezo birengera ubuzima butandukanye bwo mu misozi miremire ya Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga.

Umuhuzabikorwa wa AWF mu Rwanda, Patrick Nsabimana yagize ati: “Mu gusesengura gusa amazi n’ubutaka, turi gufungura igice gishya mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, aho abahanga b’Abanyarwanda babikora hifashishijwe amakuru yizewe mu kurengera buri bwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bubarizwa muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga.”

Uko eDNA ihindura ibyo abantu bashobora kubona

Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije (Worldwide Foundation/WWF), uvuga ko mu myaka myinshi ishize, gukurikirana no kubara amoko y’ibinyabuzima byashingiraga ku kubyitegereza imbonankubone, bukaba ari ubushakashatsi bukorwa n’amaso, gukoresha imitego ya camera (camera traps), no kumva no gusesengura amajwi y’inyamaswa.

Uwo muryango uvuga ko nubwo ubu buryo bugifite akamaro kanini, busaba igihe kinini kandi hari amoko y’ibinyabuzima bushobora kutabasha kubona, cyane cyane ayihisha cyangwa atagaragara kenshi.

eDNA izana ubundi buryo bushingiye ku rwego rw’uturemangingo (molecular lens), igahamya ko ibinyabuzima bihari binyuze mu bimenyetso ndangasano (genetic signals), kandi igatanga uburyo bwunganira ubusanzwe, budahutaza ibidukikije kandi budahenze cyane.

Mu gace nka Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga, ahari imisozi ihanamye, ibimera byimeze cyane, n’imipaka y’ahantu hatuwe n’ibinyabuzima ihindagurika, ibyo bishobora guhisha impinduka mu bidukikije.

Abahanga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bahamya ko kuba ushobora gusuzuma ibidukikije ukoresheje ibisigazwa byabyo byongera amahirwe yo gutahura ibintu bishobora kuba byasigaye bitagaragaye.

Ibi birimo n’ibinyabuzima bito bifatiye runini urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ndetse n’amoko y’ibinyabuzima adakunze kuboneka, akenshi aba ari yo abanza kubura iyo ibidukikije bitangiye kwangirika.

Ubushakashatsi muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga busanzwe bukorwa

Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga isanzwe ikorerwamo ubushakashatsi aho mu gihe kirenga imyaka 20, ikigega cyashinzwe n’Umunyamekirikakazi wakoze ubushakashatsi bwa mbere ku ngagi zo muri iyo Pariki, Dian Fossey, cyiswe Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, cyayoboye ubushakashatsi n’igenzura  muri Pariki yose, cyubaka uburyo buhamye bwo gutanga amakuru arambuye kurusha ayandi yose atangwa ku bidukikije mu Karere.

Abashakashatsi bakurikiranye inyoni, inyamaswa z’inyamabere, ibikururanda n’intondagizi, udukoko, ibimera, ibishanga ndetse n’imiterere y’aho ibinyabuzima bituye bityo bakaba baranditse impinduka zabaye mu bidukikije uko imyaka yagiye ishira.

Inzego zibishinzwe zitangaza ko akamaro ka eDNA atari ugusimbura ubu buryo busanzwe bw’ubushakashatsi, ahubwo ni ukubwongerera imbaraga.

Mu kuyihuza n’uburyo busanzwe bwo mu murima n’ubushingiye ku byuma bifata amakuru, abafatanyabikorwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bagamije kubaka inkomoko yuzuye y’amakuru ku moko y’ibinyabuzima, afasha mu micungire ishobora guhindurwa bitewe n’uko ibidukikije bihinduka muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga.

Ba uwa mbere mu kumenya amakuru agezweho!!!