Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi, Yusuf Murangwa, yagaragaje uko Leta y’u Rwanda iteganya kwifashisha inguzanyo mu ishoramari mu nzego zishobora guteza imbere ubukungu no kubyara umutungo uzifashishwa mu kwishyura iyo myenda igihe cyo kwishyura nikigera.

Murangwa asobanura ko iyo gahunda ishingiye ku gukoresha neza inguzanyo, cyane cyane izitangwa ku mabwiriza yorohereza uyifata, hagamijwe gushora imari mu bikorwa bizamura umusaruro w’ubukungu mbere y’uko igihe cyo kwishyura gitangira.

Yagize ati: “Dushora imari mu nzego twizera ko zifite uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ubukungu bwacu, kugira ngo zizadufashe kubona ubushobozi bwo kwishyura uwo mwenda igihe nikigera.”

Ibi Minisitiri Murangwa yabivuze mu gihe u Rwanda rwitegura kwakira miliyoni 35,7 z’amadolari ya Amerika (asaga miliyoni 52 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda) mu rwego rwa gahunda ruheruka kugirana n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF).

Aya mafaranga ateganyijwe gutangwa mu Kuboza, nyuma y’uko ku wa 6 Ukwakira impande zombi zumvikanye ku isuzuma rya mbere rya gahunda y’inguzanyo y’igihe kirekire izamara amezi 38, izwi nka Extended Credit Facility (ECF).

Iri suzuma ryagaragaje ko u Rwanda rwageze ku bipimo byose byari byarashyizweho bigomba kuba byujujwe bitarenze muri Kamena 2026. 

Iyi gahunda ya IMF, yemejwe muri Kamena, iteganya guha u Rwanda inkunga y’inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni 250 z’amadolari ya Amerika.

Icyakora, inguzanyo ya IMF ni igice kimwe gusa cy’inguzanyo u Rwanda rufata mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ibikorwa byarwo. Ibi bituma hibazwa uburyo Leta izabona umutungo ukenewe mu kwishyura imyenda ifata.

Byose bitangirira ku bwoko bw’inguzanyo

Murangwa yavuze ko ingamba za Leta zitangirira ku guhitamo ubwoko bw’inguzanyo ifata no gusuzuma amasezerano n’amabwiriza azigenga.

Yagize ati: “Navuga ko inguzanyo dufata ziri mu byiciro bibiri. Hafi 90% by’inguzanyo dufata ziri mu cyiciro kimwe, naho izindi 10% zikaba mu cyiciro cya kabiri. Hari n’icyiciro cya gatatu tutifuza gukoresha.”

Icyiciro cya mbere kigizwe n’inguzanyo zitangwa ku mabwiriza yorohereza uyifata, zizwi nka concessional loans. Izi nguzanyo zigira inyungu nto ugereranyije n’izitangwa ku mabwiriza asanzwe y’isoko.

Bimwe c muri byo bishobora kutagira inyungu na mba, bigatanga imyaka myinshi mbere y’uko kwishyura bitangira, kandi bikishyurwa mu gihe kirekire gishobora kugera ku myaka 30 cyangwa 40.

Murangwa yavuze ko igihe kirekire cyo kwishyura giha Leta umwanya uhagije wo gushora amafaranga y’inguzanyo mu bikorwa by’iterambere, kugira ngo umusaruro wabyo ube watangiye kugaragara mbere y’uko igihe cyo kwishyura kigera.

Inzego zizashorwamo amafaranga y’inguzanyo

Uburezi ni rumwe mu nzego Minisitiri Murangwa yavuze ko zishobora kubyara umusaruro urambye igihe zishyizwemo amafaranga y’inguzanyo.

Yagize ati: “Uburezi ni urugero rumwe. Iyo ufite abaturage bize, ugafata amafaranga ukayashora mu burezi, kuva mu mashuri abanza kugeza mu yisumbuye n’ahandi, uba wizeye ko mu myaka 20 iri imbere abo baturage bazaba bafite umusaruro mwinshi, ku buryo bazafasha kwishyura ya nguzanyo wafashe ku nyungu ya 0%.”

Yavuze ko ihame nk’iryo rinakoreshwa mu rwego rw’ubuzima, kuko uburezi n’ubuzima biri mu byiciro bigize ishoramari mu kongera ubushobozi bw’abaturage.

Yagize ati: “Icyo tugamije ni ukugira abaturage bize kandi bashoboye gutanga umusaruro, ndetse n’abaturage bafite ubuzima bwiza bashobora gukora no kugira uruhare mu iterambere.”

Uwo muyobozi yahamije ko ingamba za Leta y’u Rwanda ari ugukoresha amafaranga y’inguzanyo mu bikorwa byongera umusaruro w’ubukungu, kugira ngo igihe cyo kwishyura nikigera, igihugu kizabe gifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubona amafaranga yo kwishyura iyo myenda.

Inganga ku nguzanyo zishyurwa mu gihe gito

U Rwanda runafata inguzanyo zitangwa ku mabwiriza yorohereye uyifata ku rugero ruciriritse, zizwi nka semi-concessional loans.

Izi nguzanyo zigira inyungu zisumbuyeho ugereranyije n’iziri mu cyiciro cya mbere, kandi zigakoreshwa mu mishinga ifite akamaro kanini iteganyijwe gutanga umusaruro mu gihe gito.

Murangwa yagize ati: “Izi ni amafaranga umuntu afata nk’inguzanyo kugira ngo ayashore mu mishinga ifite akamaro kanini n’umusaruro mwinshi, ariko itanga umusaruro mu gihe gito.”

Yatanze urugero rw’ikibuga cy’indege nk’umwe mu mishinga ishobora guterwa inkunga n’ubu bwoko bw’inguzanyo.

Yagize ati: “Reka dufate urugero rw’ikibuga cy’indege. Ufata inguzanyo ku nyungu ya 2%, ukagira imyaka itatu cyangwa itanu yo gutegereza mbere yo gutangira kwishyura. 

Ukubaka ikibuga cy’indege mu myaka itatu, kikaza gutanga umusaruro mwinshi. Ukabona amafaranga menshi utari kubona iyo icyo kibuga kitaba gihari.”

Minisitiri Murangwa yavuze ko ihame ry’ingenzi ari uko umusaruro uzava mu ishoramari ugomba kurenga ikiguzi cy’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kurishyigikira.

Yagize ati: “Intego ni uko ibyo ushoramo amafaranga bigira umusaruro urenze ayo uzishyura. Icyo ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi. Ugomba gushora imari mu bikorwa bifite umusaruro urenze amafaranga uzishyura.”

Ese kwishyura imyenda bizatuma imisoro yiyongera?

Minisitiri Murangwa yavuze ko Leta idateganya guhita izamura imisoro kubera gusa ko igihugu cyafashe inguzanyo cyangwa kiri gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya IMF.

Yagize ati: “Tugenzura neza ibyerekeye imisoro. Tuyishyiraho gusa iyo tubona ko ikenewe kandi ko hari gahunda tugomba gushoramo amafaranga.”

Yongeyeho ko Leta isuzuma ingaruka imisoro ishobora kugira ku bayitanga, ikirinda gufata ingamba zishobora kubagiraho ingaruka mbi.

Yavuze ko Leta isanzwe ifite gahunda y’imisoro iteganyijwe kugeza ahagana mu mwaka wa 2030, ariko ko ishobora kuyivugurura bitewe n’uko ubukungu buhinduka.

Guhuza kwishyura imyenda n’iterambere ry’igihugu

Ingamba z’u Rwanda zo gucunga imyenda zigomba no kujyana n’imbaraga zo kugenzura no kugabanya amafaranga Leta ikoresha.

Nubwo u Rwanda rushaka gukomeza gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo no mu yindi mishinga y’iterambere, gahunda yarwo na IMF isaba ko imari ya Leta icungwa neza, amafaranga akoreshwa agahuza n’ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo kuyabona.

Ibi bizwi nka fiscal consolidation, bisobanura gufata ingamba zo kugenzura imikoreshereze y’amafaranga ya Leta no kugabanya icyuho hagati y’amafaranga yinjira n’asohoka.

Minisitiri Murangwa yemeye ko hari igihe ibi bishobora guteza ikibazo cyo guhitamo hagati yo kugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa no gukomeza gushora imari mu iterambere.

Yagize ati: “Mu buryo busanzwe, mu bitekerezo, ibyo byombi byagombye kugongana. Iyo ugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa ku ruhande rumwe, uba unagabanyije amafaranga yashoboraga gushorwa mu iterambere.”

Yongeyeho ati: “Ariko mu bikorwa, turabicunga. Ni akazi kacu ko gushyira ibintu ku murongo, kugira ngo amakimbirane hagati y’izo ntego abe make cyane cyangwa ntabeho.”

Yavuze ko guhuza izo ntego bijyana n’ibyo u Rwanda rwiyemeje kugeraho muri Gahunda ya Kabiri y’Igihugu yo Kwihutisha Iterambere, izwi nka NST2, ihuza imicungire y’ubukungu n’iterambere ry’igihugu.

Murangwa yagize ati: “Turashaka ubukungu bwiza kandi buhamye, ariko nanone tugashaka iterambere ryiza.”

Murangwa yavuze ko u Rwanda ruteganya gukomeza imishinga y’iterambere nubwo ruzaba rugabanya cyangwa rugenzura imikoreshereze y’amafaranga ya Leta.

Icyakora, umuvuduko iyo mishinga izakorerwaho ushobora guhinduka bitewe n’imiterere y’ubukungu n’ubushobozi bw’igihugu mu bijyanye n’imari.

Yavuze ko hari imishinga ishobora kugenda buhoro cyangwa ikihutishwa, bitewe n’ibikenewe, mu gihe Leta ihuza ibyifuzo by’iterambere n’inshingano ifite zo kwishyura imyenda.

Yashimangiye ko intego ari ugukomeza gushora imari mu bikorwa by’iterambere, ariko hakirindwa ko inguzanyo igihugu gifata zirenga ubushobozi bw’ubukungu bwo kuzishyigikira no kuzishyura igihe cyagenwe nikigera.

Ba uwa mbere mu kumenya amakuru agezweho!!!